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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
1 a" |* `# f% P0 B0 W' x' m) CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
: Q+ ~# r0 n" \5 X. }7 x2 E4 \  hdeforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.公仔箱論壇+ e2 ^9 G, c( Q4 k
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by www3.tvboxnow.com: h3 p9 J5 Q0 g6 n; Q% e
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* T! z# Q- i  }, }, @7 U

6 w, D! X* J2 o. k  JAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
2 ~9 q5 |- g; j" z/ e6 V) ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
$ f- [9 _, V% kAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. 6 T" O# s+ @7 e% H0 G; T' Q
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
5 K. w6 J: e- E  Pwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The www3.tvboxnow.com, a0 O: e8 l; [( A. r/ R! q5 O
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
6 g3 L0 J8 E8 T, Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to 5 M6 \8 O; m+ q! }. Y. @7 A
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
+ B0 S, K6 [" b: N* y, S; s1 Itvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwith gift shop and$2 admission fee.
% m$ Q/ r; T( i4 Q  cwww3.tvboxnow.comThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.www3.tvboxnow.com! M+ f, o% s) M% q2 `  N* R8 _

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Escondida Mine, Chile
$ s9 Q; B7 F, {' d/ bTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces : H% R4 G& E. C3 g) A5 P, q# e
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 p' A; s: E1 G
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.www3.tvboxnow.com4 N5 Q* |# P! H: L
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
4 C7 c3 `5 X" F+ F1 f) q3 KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.www3.tvboxnow.com7 h1 c0 h! M0 B8 X
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; o% U( H- Z, LTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。www3.tvboxnow.com% c* K1 |+ O+ d/ Q; }
Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
& J$ ?1 ?1 h, |- C3 ?5 ~tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced 3 }6 E: w1 ]) y3 x2 U$ }
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
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the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces 公仔箱論壇/ u" U! X; X$ E, y- U
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 % _! X% g* a" i$ c8 }, H  S" q
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
; b  x6 F- \8 M$ q9 t8 A8 ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
7 y  D, q  V7 v2 C- b* c8 Q. g# @camera and an 800mm lens.; u3 x( G8 p" K; @1 i0 i" Y

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Yuba River Goldfields, California.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* X5 w1 ^5 P+ e3 F% f
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# w% \" h) x+ J# X2 O5 u
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
# b) T$ F7 T3 Y4 N% [5 a; f) slandscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
) P2 L( A6 d; z, l2 I9 ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic ) T5 f8 x# x) U9 {' {
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, www3.tvboxnow.com) Q* L! |4 S3 Q9 ]! H( t! H5 Q% a
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 0 _. P0 X" |/ W6 R
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
0 C7 E  i1 k$ S& Y公仔箱論壇Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 G% V" s8 t% g# {# `, w) B
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb  T7 i# a, L2 B
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
7 U3 {# T, F/ \# e4 d$ }: m+ Mwww3.tvboxnow.comThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.公仔箱論壇" c6 |& y6 `* y. ?- {
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, P7 }$ o2 r- E) A2 VToquepala Copper Mine, Peru
. g7 K- w7 @) k$ [Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
! I$ U5 h) v1 T0 O7 C3 z. l+ B0 m公仔箱論壇The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
8 B1 W8 ]9 D1 s+ U' v+ R( rconstructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& g' D/ S- p& L) g; c- c
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
# k" f7 R" a( R; d, p7 PStation on Sept. 22, 2003.
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& m8 Y/ {' s; R; I4 BFreeport Mine, Indonesia
; V' l2 y* i7 N/ ^% DThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ s. T1 |8 x" L5 k
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of   ?8 `/ d3 I% F5 h9 |! a
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
5 d% t8 H) B  g9 K; |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
5 [' E1 S% Q8 ?/ [3 u: P2 {1 gThis photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
! K' C. H8 v9 [, w0 K公仔箱論壇! i, S% E1 |& i) n+ _* j  o8 O9 M

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/ ?( @% d# y4 U. w: q7 z! hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Cananea Mine, Mexico
+ D" T' p& K. z# c2 n公仔箱論壇The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada , k/ r' c! ?5 H: b7 K9 Q8 }
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
6 R3 T- I3 O2 ?. t  [gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* x! V+ L+ T5 X, h  M/ E6 k$ t
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering ! Y, `6 q8 g% R
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
7 g1 m5 M9 M$ m) R2 |/ W0 QA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the 公仔箱論壇; C' n8 K  y! V$ {) P. o: F- u9 k
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. V1 k) a+ A3 @5 v5 v" A: z
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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Phosphate Mines, Jordan
4 `2 S! v$ \& z" uwww3.tvboxnow.comPhosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
8 a8 ]* t) S' ]- r& h' RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
: h$ |, X0 {2 y6 ofear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
% D% j+ b+ K( {8 E. h8 opoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
& }- i% E3 }# n3 c4 f( M  ^公仔箱論壇This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra 公仔箱論壇. o' a# C: O' W# a' {- J
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
# o& f9 |) I  W7 z5 q6 k. Nblue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
3 ?# W9 Q. ^, q/ ]. j4 j! [! `lower part of the image that appears striped.( o! W* t+ R) S: ?+ R; H% Q1 `. M

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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
) Y2 j+ C$ a# w/ S, o/ m公仔箱論壇Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
& x  v/ C; K# [9 H5 O  i& w0 }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
8 ?& k$ r" a3 E& w' {: W公仔箱論壇land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
# w# s/ V! a/ v- s1 Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe metal was extracted.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' X% l) {4 e1 n4 [/ q

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$ U  A2 i! z) l0 O0 U4 ?+ SHambach Coal Mines, Germanytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 \( X: I% }( `1 x  D
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
! n7 W! W% ~' u7 H/ YOne of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
% C2 z5 v/ F1 K: q! v+ \+ Bis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
6 M8 x: n% w9 }9 S8 i8 s/ d; ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite ; W4 O' l5 s- V) K% H
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are " P9 o& e2 p) d
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.